What comes to mind when you think of Star Trek tech? Transporters, replicators, tricorders, warp drive?
There's something that blows all that away, and we often overlook it, to the point that it's never even talked about on screen, they just take it for granted.
Somebody in Trek canon figured out how to scan and index objects at the atomic level.
That's how tricorders and medical bays work, it's how transporters work, it's how the ship's sensors can distinguish life signs.