Interesting The Intercept on how propaganda spreads in the West (with NYT+IDF):
https://theintercept.com/2024/02/28/new-york-times-anat-schwartz-october-7/
You don't need a grand conspiracy on the details. Sideline a few skeptical reporters, give resources to one compliant and inexperienced author, let them fall for the stories of some state actor posing as neutral civilian, publish the result, watch powerful people fall for it. Rinse, repeat.
#ManufacturingConsent posits that media shareholders tip the scales thus in pursuit of money/power.