@xyhhx @JessTheUnstill @firstyear @yaleman for mastercard & visa it basically boils down to card number, expiration date, cvc2/cvv2 digits of address, post/zip code.
as an issuer we don’t decline based upon address mismatches we just tell the merchant how the address digits + postcode digits matched and they decide whether to reverse the transaction or not. typically they ignore the address digits result entirely and just check the postcode result because addresses get mangled in unholy ways and that check fails all the time for stupid reasons