Capital punishment, also called the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as a punishment for a crime. It has historically been used in almost every part of the world. Since the mid-1800s, many countries have abolished or discontinued the practice. In 2024, the five countries that are known to have executed the most people were, in descending order, China (1,000+), Iran (972+), Saudi Arabia (345+), Iraq (63+), and Yemen (38+).
The 193 United Nations member states and the 2 observer states fall into four categories based on their use of capital punishment. As of 2024:
54 retain capital punishment in law and practice.
23 retain capital punishment but have not used it in the last ten years and are believed to have a policy of not carrying out executions or have made a commitment not to do so.
9 retain capital punishment only for exceptional crimes such as crimes under military law or crimes committed in exceptional circumstances.
113 have fully abolished capital punishment.
In addition, the non-UN member state Kosovo has fully abolished capital punishment, whereas the...