@_elena
I know that France is/was pretty "self-assured" about changing names (In early 20th century, immigrants were handed a "proper French" first name when they received citizenship), but I thought until now that Maria *did* assume Pierre Curie's last name when she married him.
...so I just looked her up on Wikipedia, and it turns out she did sign her letters with both surnames, which concludes the matter. "Skłodowska Curie" it is.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie#cite_note-5
(see also note 6)
@CarveHerName