I mean I literally do #2 for a living. Just spent several years getting good data regarding COVID-19.. it costs a lot of money, but no not pulled out of our ass.
Personally, wastewater is the only data I trust as the other two you listed can be cooked/ manipulated.
I trust data regarding the severity of COVID by counting the number of green apples on a tree in my yard because it would be very hard to manipulate that data.
Data being hard to manipulate doesnt really help you when it has no relevance of any kind to the thing you are trying to measure (severity of a disease in a population).
Deaths don’t show severity of a disease. I’m so sick of death being the determiner of how bad #Covid is when so many, sooooooo many people are alive with #LongCovid
Depends on what your trying to measure. Death is certainly one way of measuring severity, one particular kind of severity. But you are right that other metrics need to be considered along side that, namely morbidity as a whole.