@screwtape @weekend_editor @remilia @notptr on something of a Symbolics there wasn't a "kernel". Everything runs in one memory space. Underneath there is a CPU running microcode, which implements a Lisp-friendly instruction set and some additional stuff. The main memory is saved as a memory image (called a World). Saving worlds (!) could be done without restarting and also incremental. Full worlds tend to be large, because they include a lot of software and data -> the full OS.