Often, when left alone, folks figure out a way to forge a path ahead. That's what happened to the antebellum South. It wasn't a theoretical debate so much as a practical experience, and the result was a legitimate influence of both cultures (black and white) to create something that was both distinct and unifying.
And this is something that happens all throughout history.
But when external forces try to "shape" or "dictate" cultural changes - then things usually turn out 💩