In trait theory, the Big Five personality traits (sometimes known as the five-factor model of personality or OCEAN or CANOE models) are a group of five characteristics used to study personality:
openness to experience, intellect, or imagination (imaginative/philosophical vs. uncreative/unintellectual)
conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. haphazard/careless)
extraversion or surgency (bold/energetic vs. shy/bashful)
agreeableness (sympathetic/cooperative vs. cold/harsh)
neuroticism or low emotional stability (moody/nervous vs. relaxed/calm)
The Big Five traits did not arise from studying an existing theory of personality, but rather, they were an empirical finding in early lexical studies that English personality-descriptive adjectives clustered together under factor analysis into five unique factors. The factor analysis indicates that these five factors can be measured, but further studies have suggested revisions and critiques of the model. Cross-language studies have found a sixth Honesty-Humility factor, suggesting a replacement by the HEXACO model of personality structure. A study of...
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