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@joho NFD (#Unicode Normalization Form Canonical Decomposition) should fully decompose the strings, so Ö should become O + combining diaresis, and Å (and Å) would be A + combining ring above.

NFC (...Canonical Composition) is usually more compact, it recombines into base characters, so Ö stays an Ö, O + diaresis becomes an Ö, and an Å becomes an Å.

I would expect "FORM_D" to be NFD, but I am not a #PHP programmer.