@adamshostack I'm not aware of any such study. I was being a bit flippant, honestly it's probably more about how the people making decisions about implementing them feel.
Longer ones make issues related to rate limits and race conditions less relevant.
My bank uses eight alphanumeric characters for logging into online banking and making transfers, but six digits for online debit card transactions.
This doesn't seem coherent to me, but I really don't want to think too much about their backend.
You might look for papers which cite this: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3473040