I think Surkov and Putin have full faith in creating artificial religions, artificial faith systems. Especially ones that favor self-destruction and dehumanization. I think they experimented on this in scale that Peter Pomerantsev describes in domestic Russia, but they also developed export models - likely with Cambridge Analytica augmentation.
Putin does not doubt these things work, he deploys them, he doesn't care about past religions, just that his meme systems work. Like advertising works