@swelljoe @thomasfuchs I’m shocked to learn that SmartMedia and xD used a bare NAND flash with no controller or wear leveling. Perhaps NAND was more reliable back then but today this seems like living dangerously.
It sounds like SmartMedia lost because it had a max capacity of 128 MB. Having two incompatible versions with different voltages probably didn’t help. (These also seem like consequences of exposing a bare NAND flash with no controller.)