@freemo This is the Platonist vs Nominalist controversy. Do categories like "horse" exist in reality? Or are there only individual organisms we arbitrarily categorize as "horse"/"equine"?
In Medieval times, this debate focused on theology: Is God objectively "good", or do we just arbitrarily declare whatever God does as "good"?
In Modern times, Nominalism is getting ridiculous as it dismisses categories like "male", "female", and even "human".
I'm going to agree with the Medievalists, and declare Nominalism a "heresy".