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In Sweden, higher education is split into "school of higher education" ("högskola") and "university" ("universitet").

To become a university, a school of higher education must perform a certain amount of research rather than just teaching, and depending on the subject, a school of higher education might only be allowed to award bachelor's degrees, whereas a university can award master's degrees and doctorates.

In English communications, most of these institutions call themselves a "university", regardless of whether they are an "universitet" in the Swedish system.

Is there any distinction like this in the UK or US systems? Is there a shorthand for expressing something similar to this distinction in English?

I know the US has some community colleges that don't call themselves universities, but I don't know if that's anything more than an informal prestige thing or if there is an actual difference in services? And then there are a bunch of places that call themselves "university" but don't seem very serious at all, so I guess it's not a protected title?