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Ichneumonoidea Anomaloninae have slender bodies with the thorax generally coarsely punctate and the areolet of the forewing absent. Their faces are usually at least in part yellow. Anomaloninae characteristically fly with antennae forward, the gaster slightly raised, and back legs outstretched. Tasmanian species are medium to large-sized. Female Trichomma have noticeably hairy eyes and the ovipositor at near to, or around, the length of the hind tibiae. In other genera the ovipositor is around half the length. All Tasmanian species are internal parasites of lepidopterous larvae including some orchard pests.

Ichneumon wasps differ from the wasps that sting in defense (Aculeata: Vespoidea and Apoidea) in that the antennae have more segments; typically 16 or more, whereas the others have 13 or fewer. Their abdomen is characteristically very elongated, unlike in their relatives the braconids.

Simply but ambiguously, these insects are commonly called "ichneumons," which is also a term for the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon); ichneumonids is often encountered as a less ambiguous alternative.