@sj_zero Government debt is the safest way to fund pension programs in a capitalist system. Nationalized resources work well too, like Norway. Per Wikipedia:
>The Government Pension Fund Global, also known as the Oil Fund, was established in 1990 to invest the surplus revenues of the Norwegian petroleum sector. As of September 2023, it had over US$1,477 billion in assets,[1] and held on average 1.5% of all of the world's listed companies, making it the world's largest single sovereign wealth fund in terms of total assets under management.[2][3] This translates to roughly US$270,000 per Norwegian citizen.
I can't imagine how it would be if the USA had social security funded at 10% of that level.