Most digital advertising today is based on real-time bidding (RTB), which involves uncontrolled data flows to many entities who bid on user profiles.
Patternz claims to operate a "fully commercial and operational AdTech arm that actually trades in media" to obtain the data. It claims to have "extensive knowhow of operating a Realtime bidding platform for the last 5 years".
An earlier version of its website named Google, Yahoo and adtech firms like MoPub, AdColony, OpenX as data sources (!).