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Judea
the southern division of ancient Palestine under Persian, Greek, and Roman rule succeeding the kingdom of Judah; bounded on the north by Samaria, on the east by the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, on the southwest by the Sinai Peninsula, and on the west by the Mediterranean Sea
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/judean
"Judaean" just means someone from this kingdom, which was the occupied succesor to ancient Israel at the time, basically Vichy France but for Jews and "Palestinians" (their Arab slaves).