@rasmusfleischer Or with your example, how to measure the value of a threatened species that do very little "ecosystem services"? Many of the vulnerable insects in our region honestly do not really have any "utility". People always mention pollination, but the evidence doesn't hold up for many of them and it all seems forced. It's because the only value modern humans can imagine is utility. It's almost as if the butterfly didn't "work" for us, it doesn't have a reason to exist.