@mos_8502 One of the things that has me interested in #retrocomputing is that you actually could build a mental model of what's going on, from assembly lang instructions on up, and it wasn't totally onerous. Today, there's a gazillion layers of firmware, OS, drivers, frameworks, applications, frameworks again, virtualization/JITting, ... before you get to what you're actually telling the computer to do. Sure some of that adds value, but at some point, trying to explain it, best word is "magic".