here are four EPROM cells. the critical element is a transistor (circled) that has a floating gate -- a control electrode with no external connection! modern flash memories also use floating gates, but the construction is quite different.
the first EPROM devices were intended to be erased using X-rays, but ultraviolet light turned out to be a more practical method (X-rays can damage chips).
the 1702A is quite old as you can see by the copyright on the die. (the 1602A is the non-windowed version of the part, which is identical except for the package)