When it comes to search engines, there are many free libraries that can be used as such - although generally one builds up a database of data in a free SQL server (sqlite, mySQL, postgreSQL and many more), writes some custom SQL that searches that data and then exports that to a search interface.
If one doesn't want to bother with a SQL server and only wants to make a small database with only key/data pairs, GNU dbm can be used; https://www.gnu.org.ua/software/gdbm/
As always, there's some GNU software to do what you need.
There are also many free metasearch engines like searxng (`git clone `https://github.com/searxng/searxng` - live instance https://searx.bndkt.io/` and 4get (https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get - live instance https://4get.ca/ ), which can be used for web searching without running any JavaScript at all and sometimes additional features are available via free JavaScript.
The main reason why there isn't a big free and gratis general search engine available is due to the expense of running a web spider 24/7 on the current size of the internet (lots of different IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are required, due to how popular it is to block any spider that isn't google, even if the spider is well behaved and respects robots.txt - a /48 for IPv6 is cheap (ISP's don't tend to scam too much for something that was assigned to them gratis) but anything larger than a /31 for IPv4 is very expensive) and the bandwidth required for searches (general use is fine for even many thousands of users, but for any good search engine, there is always mouthbreathers that go and set up bots that scrap them to hell instead of such scraping the damn targets directly (due to incompetence and how bots in botnets don't tend to get detected easily if all they do is connect to one IP making small HTTP POST requests)).
@neko @Suiseiseki \>implying it's primarily about the familiarity with the codebase \>while it's the freedom to use as you want that matters the most
no one ever pushed ads into any libre WM or DE I know, except for that one time when Canonical retards did it. keylogger's been present in windows since win 8, whilst hundreds of people work to make Wayland which is resistant to most software keyloggers by design a viable replacement for X which is vulnerable to them
a decent number of distros still supports 32-bit, while proprietary software (including web apps) which is just usually big balls of mud piled up over the years of cynicism and all manifestations of greed possible (including jumping on one hype train after another) just helps create e-waste.
and the network effect matters a whole fucking lot. google would've probably been way more careful in their shenanigans they've been pulling with YT for the past 2 years or so if PeerTube was more popular.
self hosted libre software is also good for businesses, since the vendors can otherwise easily abuse the available BI to gain unfair competitive advantage.
also with ms pushing for moving windows to a subscription-based model it won't be just like wearing a collar and a leash but being forced to stay on a wagie treadmill so that it doesn't electrocute you.
or the whole Embrace, Extend, Extinguish thing (Meta Threads for example)
or fucking paying for something for your Amazon Swindle or Prime and then losing it because fuck you, the license is over, you never owned anything in the first place.
to sum up, my point is if any libre software maintainer decides to enshittify it (unless it's a 'libre-ish' shit that doesn't work w/o a centralized server that is hard to self-host or federate), then a fork will follow. there were numerous instances of community taking a successful stand against such attempts but virtually no instances of successful resistance against IT corporate bloodsuckers fucking with the lusers more and more brazenly. strawberry music player, forgejo or tenacity are alive and well. Meanwhile, spez has successfully roleplayed Xi Jinping and Manifest V3 is also there after being simply put on hold for a few months in a very demagoguic way of waiting for the dust from media and community uproar to settle. in this time and age so much depends on computing and thus so much power stems from the control over it. you either accept tyranny or defend your freedom. there is no middle ground. claiming you need to basically know every single logic gate in your computer to truly do your computing in a free way is as ridiculous as idk, claiming you need to meet every single citizen of a large city to be a good councilor.
@neko @Suiseiseki being cucked, cowed, enslaved, exploited by proprietary malware and [services as a software substitutes](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.en.html) and disregarding it as inevitable.
a really sad sight to behold, but escaping to freedom is not that difficult and for me the only place where my digital sovereignty is anyhow constrained by corporate enshittified, privacy unfriendly shitware is at work, which I'm actively seeking to change currently.
Some games on steam are free software, although you really have to remove the proprietary steam digital handcuffs and run those without steam to have freedom.
@0@Suiseiseki an entire different dimension of stupid. we need a bigger james webb telescope to map the stupidity of this dude. i'm actually dumbfounded