Notices by Nicole Rust (nicolecrust@neuromatch.social)

Wow. The first woman to receive tenure in Physics at Harvard dropped out of high school to form an alternative school with friends and later codiscovered the top quark and Higgs boson. (And psst: she supports PhD students & loves books).💙

https://www.physics.harvard.edu/people/facpages/franklin

Please spread the word! I am recruiting a PhD student this cycle (Fall 2026 start) to join my team in a new venture: the neuroscience of mood.

If you are curious to learn more, this short talk provides a good overview of why, what and how.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gjIKiNk0xp4

More info on the terrific Penn Psychology PhD program here:

https://psychology.sas.upenn.edu/graduate/information-applicants

My new piece in Nature Human Behavior: "We need to fight for the next generation of US researchers"

All trainees need 3 things to thrive. In the US, those things have been ripped away. Let's brainstorm and fight to get them back.

(share link): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02246-x.epdf?sharing_token=hcXev4a-31TU_a-OJK6ZMtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0MYALIXurixdPyNhiHwMhlzGSYzTbCgk8k-LvtRgSz04GX7xmjDu30cxJslQ-hufZZA8Li3FllJdSC3Le0yVRFBhJDn4VkC9QTpwrJeB0iXHDc0lY-LY-dngmlCZxfZYjE%3D

What a fun time to be named Nicole … I’ll guess hold off on sending y’all those random DMs I had planned.

In the era of Trump 2.0, we're calling on all scientists and friends to advocate and unpack science in a public-facing way. This is much bigger than anyone of us. But if we all do one thing, imagine the cumulative impact!

It need not be a burden. More here, in @thetransmitter

https://www.thetransmitter.org/craft-and-careers/in-your-new-years-resolutions-for-2025-consider-public-outreach/

Curious about brains? Who isn't!? Download this free! and fabulous! pdf of @thetransmitter essays for some fantastic holiday reading.

I'm grateful to be part of it. My essay: Is the brain uncontrollable, like the weather?

https://www.thetransmitter.org/transmitter-books/?utm_source=mastodon&utm_medium=org-social&utm_campaign=20241218-book-annoucement

Terrific! Paywalls are disappearing! No more 12 month embargo between when NIH funded work appears in a journal and when it becomes accessible to all (as of December 2025).

https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/nih-issues-new-policy-speed-access-agency-funded-research-results

Wow! The book we all need to read this weekend, for FREE (in the US). How generous, @RebeccaSolnit

“In it, she makes a radical case for hope as a commitment to act in a world whose future remains uncertain and unknowable.”

https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/791-hope-in-the-dark

Favorite websites to grab free or low cost images?

Great to see NIH sponsor bioart. What other websites are your go-to for images that you can, say, put on websites without violating license agreements?

https://bioart.niaid.nih.gov/

Fact check gem of the day: On Karl Popper's contribution to neurotransmission

In the early 1950s, neuroscientists were arguing about whether neurons communicate with one another via electricity (sparks) or chemical neurotransmissions (soups). It was known as "The War of the Soups and the Sparks" (Big reveal: It's mostly soups).

The experiment that put the debate to rest (at least for the spinal cord) was performed in 1950 by John Eccles and colleagues. In that experiment, they demonstrated that their own hypothesis (sparks) was wrong.

What inspired them to do a "disproving" experiment as opposed to the type that would gather support for their favorite theory? In 1944, Eccles met Karl Popper, and they began corresponding. Per one historian,

"The association with Popper made Eccles reformulate his experimental questions in accord with Popper’s philosophy that apparent ‘‘authentication” is no proof at all. It is only the clear-cut ‘‘falsification” of a theory that carried intellectual weight."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18617413/

Podcast rec

Continuing the compromise that I’ll run but only if I get to learn wonderful things, episode 1 of the Santa Fe Institute’s Complexity podcast is wonderful. The curiosity of my colleague Vijay Balasubrimanian is infectious. Borges, brains, the energy efficiency of abstractions - all there.

https://santafe.edu/culture/podcasts

@jonny
WHAT WHAT??

Thoughts on these provocative ideas (about how research in psychology should proceed)?

The last author tipped me off to this one. Curious to hear impressions.

Beyond Playing 20 Questions with Nature: Integrative Experiment Design in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4284943

(also here, behind the BBS paywall: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/beyond-playing-20-questions-with-nature-integrative-experiment-design-in-the-social-and-behavioral-sciences/7E0D34D5AE2EFB9C0902414C23E0C292)

The dominant paradigm of experiments in the social and behavioral sciences views an experiment as a test of a theory, where the theory is assumed to generalize beyond the experiment’s specific conditions. According to this view, which Alan Newell once characterized as “playing twenty questions with nature,” theory is advanced one experiment at a time, and the integration of disparate findings is assumed to happen via the scientific publishing process. In this article, we argue that the process of integration is at best inefficient, and at worst it does not, in fact, occur. We further show that the challenge of integration cannot be adequately addressed by recently proposed reforms that focus on the reliability and replicability of individual findings, nor simply by conducting more or larger experiments. Rather, the problem arises from the imprecise nature of social and behavioral theories and, consequently, a lack of commensurability across experiments conducted under different conditions. Therefore, researchers must fundamentally rethink how they design experiments and how the experiments relate to theory. We specifically describe an alternative framework, integrative experiment design, which intrinsically promotes commensurability and continuous integration of knowledge. In this paradigm, researchers explicitly map the design space of possible experiments associated with a given research question, embracing many potentially relevant theories rather than focusing on just one. The researchers then iteratively generate theories and test them with experiments explicitly sampled from the design space, allowing results to be integrated across experiments. Given recent methodological and technological developments, we conclude that this approach is feasible and would generate more-reliable, more-cumulative empirical and theoretical knowledge than the current paradigm—and with far greater efficiency.

@UlrikeHahn @jonny
Fascinating! I’m working to flesh out a good analogy for this line of thought. Are you thinking of something maybe chaotic, like the weather? Where small changes to initial conditions have inpredictable long term effects?

The exceedingly simple logistic equation behaves in this way.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map
In it’s chaotic regime, start it at 0.2 and it will do one thing; start it at 0.20000001 and it will do the same thing for awhile but diverge. If this simple equation does that, why not the brain?

But the weather is chaotic and we’ve figured it out insofar as we have equations that can predict it in the near term and we understand why it’s chaotic. I think your point is along the lines of: the equivalent of the 7 equations for weather prediction will be harder to find for the brain. I’m trying to pinpoint: why might we think that, exactly? Because there are likely hundreds? Or they are of a different type?

(No doubt we all agree that a good first step that needs to be made is acknowledging the brain is a dynamical system upfront. We haven’t tried much of that - how far will it take us?)

@MolemanPeter @UlrikeHahn @jonny
My read is that the emerging evidence supports the brain at the edge of chaos hypothesis. For instance, it's the only regime where recurrent neural networks work. I summarize some of that work here:
https://www.thetransmitter.org/systems-neuroscience/is-the-brain-uncontrollable-like-the-weather/

Wow! I just learned the story of an amazing colleage:

https://chasingmycure.com/

I'm a patient with a deadly illness that has nearly killed me five times, and I'm also a physician-scientist racing to discover a cure before my time runs out.

Thanks to a drug that I discovered to treat my disease and began testing on myself, I'm currently in my longest remission ever and was able to have a beautiful daughter (2018) and son (2021) with the love of my life.

I dedicate my life to advancing cures for Castleman disease and many more diseases through Every Cure, spreading our innovative approach to other diseases.

Virtually all the protein molecules in our body are replaced during the course of a year.

A fun fact with philosophical implications (ala: Where is the "you")?

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/biological-thermodynamics/8FC8CAB10BFF5A4391B14FB171D7D351