2) Admin Wars fragmenting the network. See the campaign against federating with Meta's Chains, or the recent drama around the political views of one Fosstodon mod.
This is a political problem more than a technical one. But there are forms of network management that could reduce the churn. I laid out a proposal here for a numbering scheme that could automate a lot of moderation work, allowing human mods to spend more time considering edge cases together;
https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fediverse-ideas/issues/88
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