@feld @iliana QSFP-DD (probably 200 or 400G) signal validation tester in a ODM manufacturing or QA lab. Splitters are 16 lanes (each lane connected to a proximal length coaxial cable which is connected to a signal acquisition device located somewhere off camera), in this test mode they're likely evaluating per-lane signal consistency, strength, jitter, latency, and attenuation over distance in accordance with whatever this unit is required to conform to for proper blah blah blah money making product design and development.
I designed, scaled, and managed the hardware research lab for my previous $corp employer, and had equipment like that in the lab. Doing "breakout testing" and "performance analysis on fiber optic transceivers" as well as all the other fun stuff related to high speed networking is super fun.
I also have a small home lab where I engage in that and other performance engineering projects for fun (without profit, except for the profit of knowledge and nerdiness!)
[edit: corrected QSFP28 to QSFP-DD + 100G to 24x, lane count spec memory needed to finish coffee]