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Returning to Earth is a free ride, using the friction of the atmosphere to shed enormous velocity. But re-entering spacecraft build up high temperatures on their exteriors, which can destroy them (remember the Columbia disaster)? A team of engineers is investigating how a trick of nature—sweating—could work during spacecraft re-entry. A spacecraft would create a layer of gas on its surface that would cool the spacecraft and prevent direct contact with the hot gases.

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1082474