The #Hayes #Smartmodem had a separate data mode (in which bytes are sent/received over the phone line) and command mode (in which the computer sent commands to the modem itself).
Switching from command to data mode was simple: send the command `ATO`.
The reverse was more complicated. The modem would switch from data mode to command mode whenever the computer tried to send the special character sequence `+++`, with a delay before and after the sequence.
1/