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'Many European countries would struggle to produce one combat-capable brigade each ... any deployment [to Ukraine] would need significant American support not only in the form of specific “enablers” ... but also the promise of back-up should Russia attack.

'Meeting NATO’s existing war plans—with America present—would require Europe to spend 3% of GDP on defence ... making good American shortfalls would require a figure well above 4% ...

'... European armies struggle to recruit enough people even at their current sizes.

'Only some air forces, like those of Sweden, have maintained pilot proficiency for demanding high-intensity aerial warfare.

'But Britain, he says, would probably be incapable of running a complex air operation on the same scale and intensity as that of Israel’s air war in Gaza and Lebanon.

'Europe needs America for rocket artillery, longer-range air defence and stealthy aircraft. Even for simpler weapons ... European countries have turned to Brazil, Israel and South Korea for armoured vehicles and artillery shells.

'[British Storm Shadow needs] American geospatial data for effective targeting. Britain would have to spend billions to buy replacement images ... or turn to France ...

'[UK] leases the [nuclear] missiles from America ... American co-operation for components like the re-entry vehicle which houses the warhead'.
https://archive.md/3J7Yw