@owen oh i mean. i think there are some kinds of software that work like the thing i'm describing in this thread ("i shouldn't have to think, it should just conform to my intuition") and sometimes it works like you're describing ("models are powerful, the user should learn the model"). Maybe there's a synthesis where the software is "self-teaching", the user adopts a mental model without knowing it. Maybe that's what you were trying to say. I am spitballing here not attempting to produce Theory