@naturzukunft They are not transient, they are "anonymous". AP spec says that an anonymous object is "a part of its parent context". This is quite vague, but the only interpretation that makes sense to me is "embedded objects", such as icons, attachments and tags.
This is not specific to Mastodon, other applications do this too.
But Mastodon also has transient objects. For example, its Add and Remove activities don't have an id. I reported this as a bug, but they still haven't fixed it.