Android's Private DNS feature originally used DNS-over-TLS (DoT) before Google decided to focus on DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) over DoT or the newer DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ).
They're migrating Android to always using DoH when available. They started by always using it when the network or user configures Cloudflare or Google DNS for initial testing. Using it for everything else is behind multiple feature flags enabling newer asynchronous DNS resolution code and automatic detection of DNS-over-HTTPS support.