This ended with cities like Florence banning towers above a certain height, forcing their warring oligarchs to decapitate their fortresses down to compliance levels.
The images need to be seen to be believed. Ada's got a new book about this, *Inventing the Renaissance*, "which shows how the supposed difference between a bad 'Dark Ages' and a Renaissance 'golden age' is 100% propaganda, but fascinating propaganda with a deep history":
https://www.adapalmer.com/publication/inventing-the-renaissance/
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