This leads to the question: what was the first map of Mars? I will take the view that a single observation (photo or drawing) is not itself a map, but if several are set in some sort of coordinate framework, and/or combined into a composite image, and/or annotated in some way, they can become a map. Therefore I will state that in my view the first Mars map is by William Herschel (not Beer and Mädler as sometimes said) Let's see what Herschel did.