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In late 2023 or early 2024, a rare genotype in wild birds (B3.13) made the jump to cows. Starting in February 2024, Texas dairy farmers reported falls in milk production, yellow milk, and dead cats on several farms. This spread rapidly to other states. In spring 2024, more than one-third of retail pasteurized milk samples from 12 US states contained H5N1 genetic fragments that present no danger to humans, but indicate widespread distribution of the virus in dairy cattle.

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