I have my doubts if we'll ever have permanent settlements off of Earth. I'm still 50/50 on if the original Apollo missions actually made it to the moon.

The Moon requires a lot. We need to start landing larger robots the size of cars and trucks. Robots that can mine and robots that can fabricate basic materials autonomously. That has to be in place for years before the first settlers go and build something.

And the Moon MUST be established decades before Mars ... and the first people who go to Mars will not be able to return. The first settlers will have to be okay with dying on the frontier of the Red Planet.