"Most of the minerals from copper to cobalt needed for The Green Transition’s machinery (including electric batteries, wind turbines, and solar panels) are located in Latin America and Africa. Worse yet, more than half (54%) of the critical minerals needed are on or near Indigenous lands, which means the most vulnerable populations in the world are at the most significant risk of being impacted in a deeply negative fashion by future mining and related operations."
https://www.counterpunch.org/2024/10/11/robbing-africas-riches-to-save-the-climate-and-power-ai/