@jalcine so, I live in Canada, where candidates for Parliament are chosen exclusively by the party. We don't have any primaries or other ways for citizens to choose the party candidate democratically. When a party leader is needed, usually the party has a convention and the delegates vote on a leader, who will become Prime Minister if the party wins power. Our multiparty democracy is robust, responsive, and competitive. I don't miss American-style primaries at all.