Eschif in Périgueux, France; was once a lookout for a toll bridge. It's an oak timber frame building with wattle & daub infill built in 1347 CE. Built that long ago and it's still standing and survived both World Wars.
Building was a lookout post that made it possible to guard Tournepiche bridge in Middle Ages (500-1500 CE). Apparently, in middle ages, taxes on buildings were levied on soil surface occupied by a building.