Another fun #debugging adventure, this time with a happy ending.
A unit test in libXmu failed on x86-32 (https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxmu/-/issues/2). I looked for the typical things first like bad casts but didn't see anything wrong.
I noticed that the unit test program runs two subtests and the log indicates that it completed the first successfully before crashing, but when I ran it under gdb the back trace showed it in the first unit test when the segfault occurred. Very strange.