• Modal particles: Due to tonality, moods cannot be conveyed with pitch changes alone. Modal particles mark different emotions, but are unintelligible between different Sinitic languages. Some examples in Cantonese:
食飯[aː˥] (invite) Let's eat.
食飯[aː˧] (statement) I'm eating.
食飯[aː˩] (rhetorical question) Are you eating?
食飯[kwaː˧] (speculation) I guess he's eating.
食飯[laː˧] (change of state) Time to eat!
食飯[laː˩] (confirmation) Time to eat yet?
食飯[ʦaː˧] ("just") I'm just eating. (11/13)