Causes?
Climate change.
The wealthiest people on the planet are oil oligarchs bent on keeping their wealth at all costs, even if it means ending democracy.
https://www.houstonchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/dunn-wilks-paxton-texas-theocracy-democracy-18380689.php
Democracies are being tempted by the idea of taxing oil billionaires to fix the mess they are making.
https://www.theatlantic.com/books/archive/2023/05/crack-up-capitalism-quinn-slobodian-book-review/674064/