Starting in the 60s a number of educators (and linguists eager to apply Chomsky's theories about universal languages) started working with different approaches — ones that might work better for kids that didn't "click" well with the skills-based stuff.
"Whole Language Learning" was born, and some of the programs that grew out of it seemed very promising. Particularly the "Reading Recovery" curriculum, designed by a New Zealand teacher who worked with struggling early readers.