I've been working on an article about the history of brainwashing as an idea. Today a researcher pointed out to me that there is one obvious difference between the way brainwashing is portrayed in the British novel 1984 vs the American movie The Manchurian Candidate. In 1984, the characters are being brainwashed by their own government. In the Manchurian Candidate, it's "the Reds." It's interesting to ponder the difference between those two fears, especially given contemporary politics.