> As Andrew Ezergailis painstakingly documents in his seminal The Holocaust in Latvia, anti-Semites denounced Latvia as a "Jewish country" because of Latvian society's positive attitude regarding its Jewish minority. Latvia was the only European country to ban anti-Semitic literature. It served as a transit country for Jews fleeing Hitler's Germany. There was no emotional or moral blunting, no dehumanization, no widespread fascism or xenophobia or hate. Post-Nazi-invasion reports back to Berlin bemoaned the Latvians' apathetic unresponsiveness to Nazi anti-Semitic incitement. Nor did Latvians murder "a large part of the country's Jewish population before the Nazi killing machine could be set up." There was absolutely no history of pogroms as elsewhere in the former Russian empire.