Without disassembly, there are 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 unique permutations in a 3×3 Rubik's Cube. If sufficiently shuffled, that provides ~65 bits security.
Which means recording the colors of each of the 6 faces after two sufficient shuffles is enough to provide at least 128 bits security.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik's_Cube#Permutations
A shuffled 4×4 cube has ~152 bits security.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik's_Revenge#Permutations
A shuffled 5×5 cube has ~247 bits security.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor%27s_Cube#Permutations