I've seen internal Patternz docs which describe the IAB's OpenRTB protocol in digital advertising in detail.
These docs, which I cannot publish, also explain that mobile phones are 'always with the users', who 'grant apps access voluntarily', which is why the smartphone becomes a 'de-facto tracking bracelet'.
The publicly available docs emphasize that the Patternz system can also be used for offensive purposes by sending "targeted messages, ads or trojans directly through the AdTech stack".