I worked in survey research during the Great Recession (started in February 2008, in fact). We did customer sat and a few compliance-sign-off projects, because they could run on the same infrastructure, but our bread and butter was employee engagement surveys.
And for most of my five-plus-year career there, across hundreds of companies in a dozen industries, those employee surveys mostly boiled down to one question: “What could we do—OTHER THAN PAY YOU—to make you work harder and/or not quit?”