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<blockquote style="position: relative; padding-left: 55px;"><section><a href="https://libranet.de/objects/0b6b25a8-1264-ec8d-6797-814754338397">clacke (clacke@libranet.de)'s status on Monday, 28-Aug-2023 23:27:54 JST</a><a href="https://libranet.de/profile/clacke" title="clacke@libranet.de"><img src="https://gnusocial.jp/theme/gnusocialjp/default-avatar-stream.png" width="48" height="48" alt="clacke" style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0;">clacke</a></section><article><p>TIL how Běijīng ("North Capital") could previously (well, one of the previous times) have been Zhōngdū ("Middle Capital"). Sounds obvious, there must have been some other capitals in at least two directions, but I never looked up what those cities were.</p><p>The summer capital of Shàngdū (Xanadu! Yes! That one!) ("Upper Capital") was north of it, in today's Inner Mongolia.</p><p>In contrast to my assumption above though, there doesn't seem to have been a Lower Capital at the time. There was a Xiàdū during the Yan dynasty in the Warring States Period, but that's over 1000 years earlier, so that must have been lower than something else.</p><p>*looks it up*</p><p>Xiàdū was below Ji, which was the main capital of the Yan kingdom. That was *also* yet another name for Beijing. Beijing must be a *really* good place for a Chinese capital, huh.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongdu" rel="noreferrer">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongdu</a> (中都)</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdu" rel="noreferrer">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdu</a> (上都)</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiadu" rel="noreferrer">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiadu</a> (下都)</p></article><footer><a rel="bookmark" href="https://gnusocial.jp/conversation/1998642#notice-3925768">In conversation</a><time datetime="2023-08-28T23:27:54+09:00" title="Monday, 28-Aug-2023 23:27:54 JST">about a year ago</time> <span>from <span><a href="https://libranet.de/display/0b6b25a8-1264-ec8d-6797-814754338397" rel="external" title="Sent from libranet.de via ActivityPub">libranet.de</a></span></span><a href="https://libranet.de/display/0b6b25a8-1264-ec8d-6797-814754338397">permalink</a><h4>Attachments</h4><ol><li><label><a rel="external" href="https://gnusocial.jp/attachment/1462040">Untitled attachment</a></label><br></li><li><label><a rel="external" href="https://gnusocial.jp/attachment/1462041">Untitled attachment</a></label><br></li><li><article><header><div>Domain not in remote thumbnail source whitelist: upload.wikimedia.org</div><h5><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdu">Shangdu</a></h5><div></div></header><div>Shangdu (Chinese: 上都; lit. 'Upper Capital'; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂɑ̂ŋ tú]; Mongolian: ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ Шанду, Šandu), also known as Xanadu ( ZAN-ə-doo), was the summer capital of the Yuan dynasty of China before Kublai moved his throne to the former Jin dynasty capital of Zhōngdū (Chinese: 中都; lit. 'Middle Capital') which was renamed Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Shangdu is located in the present-day Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia. In June 2012, it was made a World Heritage Site for its historical importance and for the unique blending of Mongolian and Chinese culture.Venetian traveller Marco Polo described Shangdu to Europeans after visiting it in 1275. It was conquered in 1369 by the Ming dynasty army under the Hongwu...</div><footer></footer></article></li><li><article><header><div>Domain not in remote thumbnail source whitelist: login.wikimedia.org</div><h5><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiadu">Xiadu</a></h5><div></div></header><div>The Xiadu or Lower Capital of Yan (Chinese: 下都; pinyin: Xiàdū) was one of the capitals of Yan during the Warring States period of ancient China.  Xiadu may have been the largest city in the world from 400 to 300 BC, with an estimated peak population over 300,000.The remains of the city are located in Yi County, Baoding, Hebei Province. At 30 km², Xiadu is the largest excavated city from the Warring States period.  Xiadu was surrounded by a moat and rammed earth wall; the base of the city walls measured 40 m at its widest. A portion of the old city wall, measuring up to 6.8 m high, still remains today.  The ruins were first excavated in 1929 by an archaeological expedition from Peking University.
The city was built in the Taihang Mountains, flanked by the Beiyi River to its north and by the Zhongyi River to its south. The difficult topography made it easy to defend from attack. The city was square, with a wall and canal running north–south through its center, dividing the city into eastern and western halves. Large workshops for casting iron, casting bronze, minting coins, making weapons...</div><footer></footer></article></li></ol></footer></blockquote>

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clacke (clacke@libranet.de)'s status on Monday, 28-Aug-2023 23:27:54 JST clacke
TIL how Běijīng ("North Capital") could previously (well, one of the previous times) have been Zhōngdū ("Middle Capital"). Sounds obvious, there must have been some other capitals in at least two directions, but I never looked up what those cities were.
The summer capital of Shàngdū (Xanadu! Yes! That one!) ("Upper Capital") was north of it, in today's Inner Mongolia.
In contrast to my assumption above though, there doesn't seem to have been a Lower Capital at the time. There was a Xiàdū during the Yan dynasty in the Warring States Period, but that's over 1000 years earlier, so that must have been lower than something else.
*looks it up*
Xiàdū was below Ji, which was the main capital of the Yan kingdom. That was *also* yet another name for Beijing. Beijing must be a *really* good place for a Chinese capital, huh.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongdu (中都)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdu (上都)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiadu (下都)
In conversationabout a year ago from libranet.depermalink
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  Shangdu
  Shangdu (Chinese: 上都; lit. 'Upper Capital'; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂɑ̂ŋ tú]; Mongolian: ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ Шанду, Šandu), also known as Xanadu ( ZAN-ə-doo), was the summer capital of the Yuan dynasty of China before Kublai moved his throne to the former Jin dynasty capital of Zhōngdū (Chinese: 中都; lit. 'Middle Capital') which was renamed Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Shangdu is located in the present-day Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia. In June 2012, it was made a World Heritage Site for its historical importance and for the unique blending of Mongolian and Chinese culture.Venetian traveller Marco Polo described Shangdu to Europeans after visiting it in 1275. It was conquered in 1369 by the Ming dynasty army under the Hongwu...
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  Xiadu
  The Xiadu or Lower Capital of Yan (Chinese: 下都; pinyin: Xiàdū) was one of the capitals of Yan during the Warring States period of ancient China. Xiadu may have been the largest city in the world from 400 to 300 BC, with an estimated peak population over 300,000.The remains of the city are located in Yi County, Baoding, Hebei Province. At 30 km², Xiadu is the largest excavated city from the Warring States period. Xiadu was surrounded by a moat and rammed earth wall; the base of the city walls measured 40 m at its widest. A portion of the old city wall, measuring up to 6.8 m high, still remains today. The ruins were first excavated in 1929 by an archaeological expedition from Peking University. The city was built in the Taihang Mountains, flanked by the Beiyi River to its north and by the Zhongyi River to its south. The difficult topography made it easy to defend from attack. The city was square, with a wall and canal running north–south through its center, dividing the city into eastern and western halves. Large workshops for casting iron, casting bronze, minting coins, making weapons...

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