... none, we can ignore them. This is also going to be the vast majority of incremental changes.
So if we're asking about incremental changes related to these subsystems, you can probably handwave the incremental cost of such a change on the grown codebase to be twice that of a clean code base. Any more realistic factor F is fine, really, I'm pulling the "twice" out of my arse^Wexperience.
So we have N * T * F for the cost of those changes on the grown code base vs. N * T for the clean one.